BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER IN HALLS OF RESIDENCE IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
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EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
In this research, the mean total bacteria counts were 32.0 × 104 cfu/ml in Borehole water at Hall 1, indicating high level of pollution of the Borehole water due to human and animal activities (Table 1). These counts are higher than the acceptable counts of 0 cfu/ml for drinking water [13]. The higher total bacteria counts especially in the two well waters at Hall 1 and Hall 2, and the two river waters at Hall 3 and Hall 4 is an indication of the presence of high organic matter in the water. The main source of these bacteria in the waters can be attributed to both human animal activities [14]. These sources of bacteria contamination include surface runoff, animal waste deposition and pasture. Other human activities like swimming, waste disposal, domestic activities and faecal discharge [1] are also possible ways of introducing foreign microorganisms in the water thereby making more nutrients available for the microorganisms in the water thus enhancing their growth at all the various water sources. The mean total fungi counts were between 0.33 × 104 cfu/ml in Hall 1 Borehole water (Table 2). Human activities are responsible for the high microbial counts in Hall 4 Borehole water which results in the disturbance of the already contaminated sediments arising in possible nutrient release [15].
The results of the total coliform counts (TCC) (Table 3) exceeded that of the WHO standard for coliform bacteria in water, which is zero total coliform per 100 ml of water. The result showed that the highest total coliform counts was 61.0 MPN/ml in Borehole waterat Hall 3 while the faecal coliform counts ranged from 0.3 MPN/ml to 24.7 MPN/ml (Table 4). Faecal coliforms were higher in the river waters (Hall 1 Borehole water and Hall 3 Borehole water) which could be attributed to the discharge of sewage into the rivers by the surrounding people. The presence of coliform counts obtained from the samples is an indication of faecal contamination. None of the samples complied with the WHO standard for coliform in water, and this is in agreement with previous work by Benka-Coker et al. [16], who had earlier reported high microbial counts on water containing higher organic matter. According to WHO [17], any water sample that contains coliform should be investigated for the presence of faecal coliforms [18].
The result also showed that seven bacteria isolates were isolated from the various water samples, which include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus luteus, Table 5 showed the frequency of distribution of the bacteria isolates, where Enterobacter spp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most prevalent isolates, and the least prevalent were Enterococcus luteus. and Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli was not isolated from the two rain waters analyzed. Enterobacter spp. isolated from the water samples are non-faecal coliforms which can be found in vegetation and soil, which serve as potential source by which microorganisms can enter the water body. The polluted water may be due to water runoff from farm lands carrying manures, pesticides, animal and human waste matter. A total of five fungi isolates were identified, which include Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma spp. and Mucor. The values of the fungi counts obtained were observed to be highest for both river waters, however, low values were recorded for Borehole waterat Hall 1 and borehole water at Isihor. It is interesting to note that no growth was recorded at Uwelu borehole water. The percentage frequency of bacteria isolated ranged from 26.9% to 5.7% as shown in Table 7. The result shows that Enterobacter spp. had the highest value while Enterococcus spp. had the lowest value. For the fungi isolated, Penicillium spp. had the highest value of 37.5% while Mucor had the lowest value of 8.5% as shown in Table 8.
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